民族平等:理想、空想和现实——从前南斯拉夫解体谈起

本文以前南斯拉夫解体为例，着重考察了民族平等的理论和实践问题。其基本认识是：平等观念和上层建筑领域中的其他观念一样，只是相对的，而不是绝对的；民族平等也是相对的，世上不存在绝对的民族平等；“形式上的平等”和“事实上的平等”是从不同角度对民族平等理想的追求，无论前者还是后者都要付出一定的代价，以为不付出任何代价就可以实现民族平等，那是空想；把任何一种平等推向极端都会产生偏差，民族平等的理想境界是实现“形式上的平等”和“事实上的平等”之间的最佳均衡状态；对民族平等理念的均衡状态导向要顺应历史进步的趋势，促进民族和谐与共同繁荣、发展。

With the former Yugoslavia＇ s disintegration as a case, this article focuses its main attention on the question of ethnic equality in theory and practice. It argues and concludes that the equality idea, like other ideas in the realm of the superstructure, is merely relative, not absolute; ethnic equality is also relative, there is no absolute equality among ethnic groups ;＇ equality in form＇ and ＇ equality in fact＇ are pursuit of the ideal of ethnic equality from different angles. It is necessary to pay certain price for seeking both of the ＇equality in form＇ and ＇equality in fact＇, it is only a daydream to realize ethnic equality without paying any price; pushing any kind of equality to extremes will result in deviations, the ideal state of ethnic equality is the realization of the best balance between the＇equality in form＇ and ＇ equality in fact＇ ; the balance orientation of the rationalities of ethnic equality must conform to the historical trend of the times, and promote the harmony among ethnic groups and the common prosperity and development.