北京市丰台区居民主要膳食镉暴露评估

Assessment on the dietary exposure of cadmium in Fengtai District residents

目的分析丰台区主要食品中镉含量水平,对该区居民通过膳食途径暴露镉的健康风险进行初步评估。方法 2011—2012年在全区监测6类食品共215份样品,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食品中镉的含量,结合居民膳食消费数据,比照镉的暂定每月耐受摄入量(PTMI)及安全限值(MOS),初步评估丰台区居民主要食品的镉暴露风险。结果 6类食品中食用菌及其制品的镉含量最高,为2.277 8 mg/kg。按照食品消费量均值估算,丰台区居民每月6类主要食品的镉暴露量为0.001 46 mg/kg BW,未超过PTMI(0.025 mg/kg BW),MOS值为17.2。镉贡献率最大的3类食品分别为蔬菜及其制品(52.4%)、谷物及其制品(25.8%)和食用菌及其制品(13.4%)。虽然食用菌和动物内脏的消费量很低,但因其镉污染严重,所以贡献率较高。因此,食用菌和动物内脏为镉暴露高风险食品。结论丰台居民6类主要食品镉的暴露水平未超过PTMI值,MOS值>1,居民膳食镉暴露水平总体上安全,但有必要加强食用菌及动物内脏可能的污染问题研究。

Objective To analyze the cadmium level in main food, and preliminarily assess the risk of dietary cadmium exposure of people in Fengtai District. Methods In 2011 -2012, 215 samples of 6 food categoriess were collected from Fengtai District. Cadmium contents in food were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption method and the cadmium exposure was estimated by the food consumption data. The health risk was assessed by comparing the cadmium exposure with provisional tolerable monthly intake （PTMI） and the margins of safety （MOS） of cadmium. Results The concentration of cadmium in edible mushrooms and their products was 2. 277 8 mg/kg, which was the highest among the 6 food categories being tested. Respectively, in accordance with the mean value of food consumption estimates, the cadmium exposure of Fengtai Distriet residents from 6 major food categories were 0. 001 46 mg/kg BW. m, did not exceed PTMI （0.025 mg/kg BW. m）, and the MOS values were 17.2. The highest contributions were from vegetable products （52.4%） , grain and its product （25.8%） , edible mushroom and their products （ 13.4% ）. Although consumption of edible mushroom and animal visceral was very low, the contribution was high due to the serious cadmium contamination. Therefore, edible mushroom and animal visceral were high risk food for cadmium exposure. Conclusion The average dietary cadmium exposure from 6 food categories did not exceed the PTMI, the MOS was bigger than 1 , so the level of dietary cadmium exposure was safe in general. However, more attention should be paid to the possible cadmium contamination in mushrooms and animal visceral.