深空探测器自主技术发展现状与趋势

State of the Art and Development Trends of On-board Autonomy Technology for Deep Space Explorer

深空探测器距离地球远、所处环境复杂、苛刻,利用地面测控站进行深空探测器的遥测和遥控已经很难满足探测器控制的实时性和安全性要求。深空探测器自主技术即通过在探测器上构建一个智能自主管理软件系统,自主地进行工程任务与科学任务的规划调度、命令执行、星上状态的监测与故障时的系统重构,完成无人参与情况下的探测器长时间自主安全运行,自主技术已经逐渐成为深空探测领域未来发展的一项关键技术。本文首先分析了传统测控模式对深空探测的约束,回顾了深空探测器自主技术发展的现状,分析了实现深空探测器自主运行的关键技术,包括在轨自主管理系统设计技术、自主任务规划技术、自主导航与控制技术、自主故障处理技术和自主科学任务操作技术。然后结合深空探测工程实施和技术发展需求,提出未来深空探测器自主技术发展的趋势和重点。

During the process of deep space exploration, the explorer is far away from the Earth while the environment a- round it is complex and harsh. Therefore it is difficult for ground stations with telecontrol and telemetry to satisfy the real-time and safety requirements of control systems for the deep space explorer. Autonomy technology then becomes a key to deep space exploration. An on-board autonomous management software system is used to enable the planning and scheduling of engineering and science tasks, execute commands, monitor states of the explorer and reconfigue the system when faults a- rise, all of which guarantees the autonomous and safe on-board operation without commands from the ground in the long cause of exploration. This paper first analyzed the limits of the traditional measuring and controlling mode for deep space ex- ploration and reviewed the state of the art of autonomy technology. Then, it analyzed the key techniques of the autonomy of the explorer, which consisted of on-board autonomous management system designing, autonomous mission planning, autono- mous navigation and control, autonomous fault processing and recovery, and autonomous operation of scientific mission. Fi-nally, combined with the engineering implementation and technology requirements of deep space exploration, the paper en- visaged the development trends and key points of autonomous technology of deep space explorers in future.