明朝宦官干政形象的一种政治文化解读——以王振为中心

A Study on the Image of Eunuch Interference in the Perspective of Political Culture——Focusing on Wang Zhen

明人语境中的宦官王振形象以戕害大臣、耗帑纳贿、唆主弄兵为主要内容。关于王振的负面评价在明中期以后逐渐固化为一种明人对宦官干政形象的典型性描述,这是士大夫意识形态主导而生的历史产物,反映出士大夫群体对宦官干政的不满情绪。王振形象凸显于明史的深层次政治文化含义为,士大夫群体有意避免宦官把持朝政与皇权专制极端化互为表里的政治模式达到现实制度安排的常规化,以及此种政治模式合理性的自足。

In the context of the people in the Ming Dynasty, the impression of eunuch Wang Zhen focused on persecuting imperial officials, wasting national properties, taking bribes and inducing the emperor to start wars. These negative views about Wang Zhen had become a typical description of eunuch interference in politics in the minds of people since the middle of the Ming Dynasty. It was the historical product of the scholar-officials dominant ideology, which reflected their discontents with the eunuch interference. The more profound political culture meaning highlighted by the image of Wang Zhen was the intentions of the scholar-officials to routinize a concordant political model in which eunuch interference and extreme autocratic imperial power were restrained by reality system arrangement, and their self-sufficiency for the rationality of this political model.