试析傩礼中方相氏的地位嬗变

The Analysis of the Status Change of the Mage in Plague-dislodging Ritual

方相氏是傩礼中的主角,其主要职责是"驱疫"。但汉以后,方相氏的绝对主导地位逐渐被弱化。方相氏职责和地位的变化,表明一直高高在上的方相氏已开始走向民间,自周以来傩仪的礼制规范已渐渐被打破,驱傩本来的内涵已发生改变。随着傩仪逐渐由严肃的国家礼制向娱人化、世俗化方向发展,傩与戏剧越走越近,并最终促成了傩戏的诞生。

The mage isthe protagonist in the Nuo ritual,whose main duty is to dislodge the plague. However,after Han Dynasty,the predominant status of the mage has been weakened. The declination of its duty and status shows that the mage,belonging to the upper class in the past, now has become popular among civilians. Since the etiquette patterns of Nuo ritual has gradually been broken in Zhou Dynasty, the connotation of the ritual is changing. The Nuo ritual is developing from solemn national liturgy to entertainment and secularization; as a result, the ritual is approaching drama and contributes to the birth of Nuo drama.