斯特劳森的指称观——语用概念的指称论

Reference Theory of Strawson——Pragmatic Reference Theory

从日常语言的维度,斯特劳森批驳了罗素的摹状词理论,进而提出了崭新的指称观。在区分语词/语句,语词/语句的表达以及语词/语句的使用基础上,斯特劳森指出意义即语词和语句的功能,而指称则是语词和语句使用的功能。他的指称理论开创了语义学向语用学转向的先河,在传统哲学与现代哲学之间找到了新的契合点。然而,其理论依然存在着有待商榷的地方。

On the basis of ordinary language,Strawson puts forward the brand-new reference concept opposing to Russell＇s Theory of Definite Descriptions. Strawson differentiates an expression/a sentence, the utterance of an expression/a sentence,and the use of an expression/a sentence, and goes on with the suggestion that meaning is a function of the expression or sentence and mentioning and referring and truth or falsity are functions of the use of the expression or sentence. It is Strawson＇s theory of referring which has laid a milestone on the transition from semantics to pragmatics and has contributed to the combination of traditional philosophy and modern philosophy. However, there still exist some problems in his theory.