从企业家犯罪的罪名结构透视企业家犯罪的制度性成因——以245起案例统计为基础

The Institutional Causes of Crimes Committed by Entrepreneurs

在犯罪成因上,企业家犯罪不同于传统的街头犯罪,外在环境与制度条件对企业家队伍的成长方式及其追逐财富的路径选择具有很强的建构性。透过245起具有统计价值的企业家犯罪案例中的罪名结构特征,可以具体地说明企业家犯罪的制度性成因:融资类犯罪比重大凸显民企融资的制度性瓶颈;受贿罪突出反映出国有企业家制度性的角色错位;国有、民营企业家罪名差异显现市场公平竞争的不足;民营企业家的主要罪名分布反映出刑事手段介入市场活动的泛化倾向;背信犯罪的高发折射企业家精神的缺失。

Crimes committed by entrepreneurs differ from street crimes on their causes. The external environ- ment and institutional conditions have strong influence on the way entrepreneurs choose to develop their businesses. From the structure of crimes surveyed in 245 cases, the institutional causes of crimes committed by entrepreneurs can be explained： financing related crimes reflects the limitation on financing for the private sector; bribery related crimes shows that state - owned entrepreneurs often assumed wrong roles in the economy ; the differences of crimes committed by private entrepreneurs and state - owned entrepreneurs reveal the inadequacy of market competition; crimes committed by private entrepreneurs indicate the tendency of intervention by criminal measures into market activity and the high rate of fraud related crimes stands for the loss of entrepreneur spirit.