理性的困境与理性精神的重塑

The Rational Dilemmas and the Reshaping of Rational Spirit

理性主义是发展社会学理论的认识论基础。如何看待理性?如何看待理性与社会发展的关系?这是发展研究中必须明确的问题,也是发展过程中必须加以解决的问题。工具理性预设以及理性选择理论,为经济发展与效益最大化提供了理论支撑,但它也带来了一些困境,如理性是有边界的;理性内在地隐含着工具理性与价值理性、形式理性与实质理性的矛盾与分裂;工具理性对价值理性的否弃。以工具理性为执导的现代化使人类面临着危机,要解决现代化的危机就必须对理性做出认真的反思,重塑理性,使被肢解的理性重新恢复其完整的状态,使抽象的理性主义回到真正的理性主义上来。作为现代社会本质特征之一的新的理性,它有三个鲜明特点,即辩证性、批判性和包容性。

Rationalism is the epistemology foundation of the sociological development theory. How to treat the reason? How to treat the relationships between reason and social development? This is not only the issue must be cleared in the development research,but also the problem must be solved in the development process. The tool rational preinstall and rational choice theory provide the theoretical support for the biggest benefit and economic development,but it also brings some difficulties,for example,rationality has its boundary,rational implies the contradictions and splits between instrumental rationality and value rationality,formal rationality and substantive rationality,instrumental rationality negates value rationality. The modernization with instrumental rationality as the director makes human face the crisis,there,to solve the modern crisis,it must seriously rethink the reason,rebuild the reason,make the dismembered reason regain its full state,and make the abstract rationalism come back to the real rationalism. The new reason as one of the essential characteristics of modern society has three distinct characteristics,namely dialectic,criticalness and inclusiveness.