中国欠发达农村地区教育布局结构调整与公共空间的退却——基于晋西石楼县的调查

Rural School Relocation and Decline of Public Space in Village: Evidence from field study in Shilou County in western Shanxi Province

欠发达农村地区学校布局结构调整的重要举措之一撤点并校与移民并村有着一定的政策联系。撤并后农村人口向中心城镇集中居住的趋势进一步明显,撤点并校的幅度不断加大,速度不断加快,公共服务支持进一步减少。无论是自然村落还是移民村,公共空间进一步退缩,地方政府与农民关系模式呈现缺位互动和在场互动兼有的特点。在撤并的政策设计中表现出强烈的经济和效率取向,而忽略了学校设施所包含的社会和文化意味及其对于村庄的群体象征意义。乡村学校是农村公共服务不可或缺的一部分,农民的公共生活从包括乡村小学、图书室、医疗室等公共场所开始。保留、发展和改革包括农村学校在内的公共设施,提供必要的公共服务,有利于加强农民自我组织能力,恢复和重建农村公共空间,整合农民社会生活,从而促进农村建设和农村教育发展。

This paper focuses on the impact of rural school relocation on public space in village, and explores the com-plex interaction between political, economical, and cultural connections in rural China. This paper argues that a sustainable rural development in China is possible only when peasants meaningfully participate in the economic, social, political, and cultural life of their public communities. Therefore, the need for change in education should not be exclusively cast in eco-nomic terms and particularly in relation to the efficiency of school finance and administration. It also involves a country＇s re-sponsibility to provide public services and cultivate civil society, and particularly public space.