野生动物的应激状态研究及其在物种保护上的应用

Research of Wildlife Stress State and Application on Species Conservation

人类社会的技术进步及经济活动产生了多种干扰野生动物生存的因子,这些因子是导致许多野生动物处于行为和生理应激状态的应激原,并可能弱化野生动物的存活、繁殖及免疫力。野生动物应激状态的测度主要是行为和生理指标,纵观现有的研究成果,目前研究的热点主要集中于几个重要的应激原,主要涉及人工饲养条件的野生动物及少数自由生活的物种,且仍处于积累阶段,尤其是有待加强濒危物种应激状态与保护实践的研究。鉴于此,本文按因子属性将应激原分为物理、化学、生物及人工操作等四类,系统归纳现有研究成果。在此基础上,从濒危物种保护生物学角度,注重基础研究与保护实践的有机结合,提出未来研究的重点,以期有益于野生动物的保护实践。

Along with the technological progress and increasing of economic activities, a variety of accessional environ- mental factors from human society has brought great pressure to wildlife and led them to the stress state. And these stressors may cause imbalance of host homeostasis and weaken their abilities of survival, reproduction and immunity. The behavioral and physiological parameters are two main indicators to evaluate the stress state of wildlife. Although there were several pre- vious studies which had been focused on the influence of main stressors on wild animals in captive condition and some free- ranging animals, they were still remained in accumulation stage. Particularly, the research of stress state and protective practice of endangered species also need to be strengthened. Thus, to systematically summarize the progresses of researches related to stress state of wildlife, the stress factors were classified as physical, chemical, biological, and human handling based on their attributes. Additionally, research and protection practice were integrated for further biological conversation of endangered wildlife, and we hope these could arouse people to pay more attention to this field.