世界油页岩勘探开发加工利用现状——并记2013年国外两次油页岩国际会议

Global Oil Shale Exploration,Development and Utilization Today——Two Oil Shale Symposiums Held in 2013

2013年国外召开了两次大型油页岩国际科技会议。世界油页岩资源量十分巨大，储量高达（10．15）×10^18kJ，约占全球各种能源总量的35％。目前世界上油页岩干馏生产页岩油的国家只有中国、爱沙尼亚、巴西和澳大利亚。共计年产页岩油约140×10^4t。今后5～10年，世界页岩油年产量可能增加2～5倍。中国开展油页岩勘察和加工利用研究工作的单位有所增加，有些还与国外的大学等机构进行合作。中国目前有10座页岩油厂正在生产．其中以抚顺中煤建设集团有限责任公司的产量最高，该公司引进的日加工6000t油页岩的塔瑟克（ATP）干馏装置已开始热运转。辽宁成大正在新疆建设较大规模的页岩油厂。大庆油田采用大连理工大学开发的颗粒页岩干馏技术建设年加工60×10^4t油页岩的工业试验装置，已建成冷运。爱沙尼亚能源集团公司新建的日加工6000t油页岩的颗粒页岩干馏新工艺（Enefit 280）装置已初步试运，爱沙尼亚化学集团新建的2台日加工3000t油页岩的葛洛特干馏改进装置（Petroter）已投产，还有1台正在建设。美国至今仍无页岩油的工业化生产．但有众多公司、研究所和大学在开展有关油页岩的应用基础研究。德国、加拿大、澳大利亚、俄罗斯等国的一些公司，或单独、或合作从事油页岩干馏新工艺的开发。约旦、土耳其等发展中国家加强了油页岩资源的勘察或／和国际合作，开展了油页岩加工利用的可行性研究等。

Two major international oil shale science and technology conferences were held worldwide in 2013. The world has significant oil shale resources and the world＇s total oil shale reserves are as much as （10- 15）×10^18kJ,whieh represents about 35% of all energy sources in the world.Currently only China,Estonia,Brazil and Australia in the world are producing oil from shale using the dry distillation method.The combined out- put of shale oil in these countries is about 140×10^4t per year.In the next five to ten years,global shale oil output is expected to increase two to five times.The number of organizations engaged in the research on oil shale exploration,processing and utilization is increasing and some of these organizations have formed partner- ship with foreign universities in this area.There are currently Coal Construction Group （Fushun） Company is currently the 10 shale oil plants in operation in China.China largest shale oil producer in China.The 6000t/d Taciuk （ATP） shale dry distillation unit introduced by the company has gone into hot operation.Liaoning Cheng- da is building a large shale oil plant in Xinjiang.Daqing Oilfield Company is building a 60×10^4t/a industrial pilot-scale shale unit using the granular shale dry distillation technology developed by Dalian University of Technology.The unit has gone into cold run.Estonia Eesti Energia has put a new 6000t/d unit using dry granular shale distillation technology （Enefit 280） into trial operation.Estonia Viru Keemia Group （VKG） has put two 3000t/d units using improved Galoter dry distillation process （Petroter） into operation and is building a third one.The United States has not yet begun commercial production of shale oil,but a host of compa- nies,research institutes and universities are conducting basic research on application.Some companies in Ger- many, Canada ,Australia and Russia are either participating in or independently conducting development of new dry shale distillation technology.Some developing countries such as Jordan and Turkey have strengthened their oil shale exploration and/or international partnerships and initiated feasibility studies into processing and utiliz- ing oil shale.