论传播淫秽、色情物品犯罪的刑事立法政策——以无被害人犯罪为视角

Criminal Legislative Policies on Propagation of Obscenity or Pornographic Items——from the Perspective of Victimless Offense

在宽严相济的刑事政策背景下,无被害人犯罪的刑事立法应当以"当宽则宽"为基本思路。对于传播淫秽、色情物品犯罪,我国实行全面规制政策,即不区分受众和内容,均严厉打击。由于向自愿接受的成年人散布色情物品并未侵害任何法益,反色情立法受到限制言论自由权的质疑;淫秽性的认定标准模糊,时常面临违背罪刑法定原则的责难;色情物品具有精神补偿作用,色情物品与犯罪、道德败坏没有明显关系。调查显示,多数民众认为现行法律对传播淫秽物品犯罪的处罚过重,因此,传播色情物品应采取区别对待的刑事立法政策,将有被害人的犯罪与无被害人犯罪进行区分。总的来说,禁止向未成年人及不愿接受的成年人散布色情物品,禁止散布硬色情;对向自愿的成人散布软色情的无被害人犯罪采取管理措施。

Adhering to the criminal policy of tempering justice with mercy, legislation on victimless ot- fense should conform to the guideline of ＂being lenient if possible＂. Our country has adopted a comprehensive policy to fight against any crime of propagating obscenity and pornographic items, regardless of recipients and content of propagation. Since the propagation of pornographic items to adults willing to accept has infringed no legal interests, such anti -pornography legislation has been challenged for restricting freedom of speech. Be- sides, criteria to determine obscenity are vague and tend to be criticized by principle of legally prescribed pun- ishment. To some extent pornographic items can function as spiritual compensation, with no obvious relation to crime or moral deterioration. According to relevant investigation data, most people believe that the current law has imposed overly severe punishment on propagation of pornographic items. Therefore, different policies should be adopted according to difference between offenses with victims and victimless offenses. In general, it is forbidden to propagate pornographic items to minors and adults who are not willing to accept and pornogra- phy with violent content are forbidden; while the propagation of pornographic items with non -violent content to adults willing to accept with no victim should be subject to regulation accordingly.