法官受制定法约束的理论谱系及其评价——基于德国法学方法论视角的考察

The Pedigree of Theories and Review on Judge's Constrains by Statutes——from the Perspective of German Legal Methodology

自19世纪以来,法官受制定法的约束问题成为法学方法论研究的主要问题之一。概念法学的理论追求是将法官视为"涵摄机器";自由法学理论则强调法官具有造法的权力,将法官视为"法官王";纯粹法学理论提出了"可能框架"模式,法律规范只是为法官的裁判提供一个可能的框架范围。评价法学理论将"法官受制定法的约束"转变为"法官受价值约束"的"价值导向"模式;在20世纪末,法律论证理论提出了一种"理性商谈"模式。

The judge＇ s constraints by statutes have become a major issue in legal methodology research since the 19th century. Theories on concept of law consider judges as pure ＂legal machines＂. The jurispru- dence for freedom holds that judges have the power to make law and judges should be considered as ＂the judge king＂. The pure theory of law puts forward a ＂possible framework＂ mode, in which legal norms provide a pos- sible framework for the judge to make judgments. Theories on evaluation of law transform ＂judges＇ constrains by statutes＂ into ＂judges＇ constrains by values＂, adopting a ＂value orientation＂ mode. At the end of the 20th century, theories on legal justification propose a ＂rational discourse＂ mode aiming to solve this problem.