试论孙中山之心学及其意义

Tentatively on Sun Yat-sen's Thoughts of Mind and Its Meaning

心学作为一种带有某些忧患意识的学理,在民族灾难深重的近代中国,对不少仁人志士的救亡图存思想起到过积极作用。孙中山虽然接受的是西方教育,但他也受到了中国心学的影响。他虽然没有明显地用心学资料构筑自己的心学理论,但他阐述了心物二元论思想。孙中山的心学旨在突出精神的重大力量,对革命斗争具有积极意义,不仅坚定了民主革命的信念,还丰富了他本人的其他理论。孙中山将心和物共同作为世界的本原,并认为心的力量大于物的力量。基于此,他极力夸大心学的作用,试图用心学去创造奇迹、取得革命成功。他对于心物关系的探讨,同近代其他思想家相比,不仅承认了心和物的相互作用,还多了一些对物的认可,使心物关系更趋近客观。

The thought of mind, as a science of suffering consciousness, conducted positive role upon people with lofty ideals, in disaster-ridden modem China. Under the education from the West, Sun had also been af- fected by Chinese philosophy of mind, though no obvious materials of this philosophy built his own theory. In- fluenced by thoughts of mind, he elaborated mind-material dualism. Sun＇s thoughts highlighted its powerful spirit, playing positive meanings to revolution and struggle and strengthening his belief of democratic revolu- tion, and enriched his other theories. Sun Yat-sen regarded both mind and matter as the origin of the world and the power of heart were stronger than that of matter. In such views, he exaggerates the role of mind, at- tempted to create miracle by mind and achieved the success of revolution. Compared with other thinkers at that time, his probing into relation of mind and matter confirmed the interactive role of mind and matter and made their relationship more objective.