宁波地区5岁以下儿童肺炎流行特征与病原学研究

Epidemiology and etiology of pneumonia in children aged < 5 years in Ningbo

目的了解宁波地区5岁以下儿童肺炎流行特征和细菌病原学分布及其变化趋势。方法回顾性调查2家医院2009年1月至2012年12月间当地5岁以下儿童肺炎住院病例的临床和细菌病原学资料,进行描述性分析。结果 5岁以下儿童住院肺炎病例有2个发病高峰,分别在3—4月和11—12月,1周岁以内患儿占全部病例的44.43%;检出的主要细菌性病原体为肺炎克雷伯菌(19.16%)、流感嗜血杆菌(16.73%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(13.65%)、大肠埃希菌(12.00%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(10.46%)和肺炎链球菌(7.05%)。结论儿童肺炎的发病有明显的季节性,1周岁以内为主要发病群体,细菌性病原体感染以肺炎克雷伯菌、流感嗜血杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌等革兰阴性菌为主。

Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of pneumonia in children aged 〈 5 years in Ningbo. Methods A descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed on the incidence data and etiological data of pneumonia cases in children aged 〈 5 years in Ningbo from January 2009 to December 2012. Results The annual incidence of pneumonia in children aged 〈 5 years had two peaks during March-April and during November- December. The cases in children aged 〈 1 year accounted for 44.43% of the total. The major pathogens detected were Klebsiella pneumoniae （ 19. 16% ）, Haemophilus influenzae （ 16. 73% ）. Acinetobacter baamannii （ 13. 65% ） , Escherichia coli （ 12.00% ） , Staphylococcus aureus （ 10.46% ） and Streptococcus pneumoniae （7.05%）. Conclusion The incidence of pneumonia in children had obvious seasonality. Children aged 〈 1 were mainly affected by pneumonia. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Acinetobacter baumannii were major pathogens.