三类生物源农药及其混配制剂对赤眼蜂的毒性及安全性评价

Toxicity Evaluation of Three Kinds of Biopesticides and Their Mixed Preparations to Trichogramma ostrinia

为明确阿维菌素、新烟碱和拟除虫菊酯3类生物源杀虫剂对赤眼蜂的急性毒性,本研究采用管测药膜法测定了阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、吡虫啉、高效氯氰菊酯及其混配制剂对玉米螟赤眼蜂的急性毒性,并进行安全性评价。结果表明:在供试的8种药剂中,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对玉米螟赤眼蜂的毒性最高,LRso为有效成分2.57x10-Ting/cm2。吡虫啉在8种杀虫剂中对玉米螟赤眼蜂的毒性最低,LRso为有效成分4.33×10^(-5)mg/cm^2。其他6种杀虫剂对赤眼蜂的毒性大小依次为阿维菌素·吡虫啉>阿维菌素·高效氯氰菊酯>高效氯氢菊酯·吡虫啉>高效氯氰菊酯>阿维菌素>高效氯氰菊酯·甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐,其LR_(50)分别为有效成分3.64×10^(-6)、1.11×10^(-5)、1.30×10^(-5)、1.39×10^(-5),、2.59×10^(-5)、2.66×10^(-5)mg/cm^2。阿维菌素、新烟碱和拟除虫菊酯3类生物源杀虫剂及其混剂对玉米螟赤眼蜂均不安全,在田间释放赤眼蜂防治害虫时,应避免使用此类药剂。同时,本研究也揭示了环境友好农药并非对非靶标生物安全。

The toxicity and safety evaluation of avermectins, neonicotinoid, pyrethroid pesticides to Trichogramma ostriniae were evaluated in the laboratory using dry film residue method. The results showed that emamectin benzoate was the highest toxicity pesticides to Trichogramma ostriniae with LRs0（2.57×10-7 a.i. mg/cm2）. Imidacloprid was the lowest toxicity pesticides to Trichogramma ostriniae with LR50（4.33 ×10-5 a.i. mg/cm2） . The toxicity of other 6 pesticides to Trichogramma ostriniae from high to low were abamectin.imidacloprid〉 abamectin^beta-cypermethrin〉 beta-cypermethrinoimidacloprid〉 beta-cypermethrin〉 abamectin〉 beta-cypermethrinoemamectin benzoate. The LRs0 of them were 3.64×10-6, 1.11×10-5, 1.30×10-5, 1.39×10-5, 2.59×10-5 and 2.66×10-5 a.i. mg/cm2, respectively. Avermectins, neonicotinoids, pyrethroid pesticides and their mixed preparations were not safe to Trichogramma ostriniae. Do not use the three kinds of pesticides when releasing Trichogramma spp. to control pest. Our research indicated that pesticides with low toxicity to Trichogramma spp. is not necessarily safe to non-target insects.