从杜威的质疑看柏拉图《理想国》中的几个问题

View on Several Issues in Plato's Repulic From Dewey's Question

杜威曾对《理想国》中静态城邦图景的设计、城邦与公民的关系及城邦中不容变更的一些问题提出过几点质疑。倘若对柏拉图生活时代的特征、流行的历史观以及柏拉图构建"理想国"的基础——"理念论"有所把握,并能从和谐与对立并存、正义与幸福相关联的角度去认识理想城邦与公民的关系,能看到作为"理念之物"的音乐在理想城邦形成中的重要作用,则杜威的疑惑可一一解开。从而有助于更加客观公正地理解《理想国》中所蕴含的治国理念与教育思想。

John Dewey had several questions in Plato＇s Repulic, such as the design of a static city picture, the relationship between the city and citizens and some matters in the city which can＇t be changed. If the characteristics of Plato＇s era and the popular views of history at that time could be understood, ＂the theory of ideas＂ on which the Republic being built could be grasped; if the coexistence of opposition and harmony, the ties between justice and happiness could be seen in the relationship between the city and citizens; if the important role is played by music, ＂the matter of idea＂, in the formation of the Republic could be recognized, then Dewey＇s doubts might be untied. Thus the efforts would contribute to a more objective and impartial understanding on the governing philosophy and educational thoughts in Plato＇s Repulic.