清末民初天津日本租界的初等教育一考——以日出学馆为例

Elementary Education at Japanese Concession in Tianjin during Late Qing and Early Republic of China ——A Case Study of Hinode Gakkan

从19世纪中叶至20世纪初,九国列强先后在天津强划居留地,设置租界,使天津成为国内租界数量最多的城市。租界是列强在近代中国实施半殖民地统治的据点,也是各列强国的政治、经济、文化、教育在中国的营地。因此,比起其他城市来,天津在教育层面所受的外力影响较大,体现在初等教育上尤为明显。以日本租界的"日出学馆"(日本在津建立的第一所学校,也是唯一一所教育华人子弟的学校)为例,对其设立背景、学制和教育内容进行了详尽考察,揭示了其在华进行奴化教育的殖民主义本质。

From mid-19th century to early 20th century, nine big powers lined out reservations and set concessions in Tianjin, and thus Tianjin became the city with the most concessions in China. In modern China, concessions are not only the strongholds where big power5 implemented semi-colonial rule, but also the base camps for their political, economic, cultural and educational activities. Therefore, compared to other cities, Tianjin was more affected in education from abroad, which is particularly obvious in elementary education. Hinode Gakkan at Japanese concession is the first school established in Tianjin by Japan, and the only school for Chinese pupils. This paper aims to give a detailed account of the background of its estab-lishment, its educational system and subjects.