锥栗种仁发育期叶片与果实矿质元素含量的变化

Dynamic Changes of Main Mineral Elements Content in Developing Fruits and Leaves of Castanea henryi

以‘长芒仔’锥栗为试材,对其种仁发育期营养枝叶片、结果枝叶片及果实(种仁、刺苞、果皮+种皮)中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu矿质元素含量及果实不同组织质量变化进行分析。结果表明:坚果从幼胚发生期至成熟期为种仁发育的关键时期,坚果、种仁和淀粉干质量较前期都有显著增长,分别增加了6.14 g(92.4%)、4.97 g(99.43%)及3.82 g(99.92%)。在种仁发育期,营养枝及结果枝叶片中Cu含量呈显著下降变化,P、Zn含量波动上升;果实刺苞中Ca、Fe、Cu含量显著下降,Zn含量上升后下降,其余元素变化甚微;果皮+种皮中N、P、K、Mg、Cu含量前期变化甚微,后期显著下降,Ca、Zn含量先增加后降低;种仁中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu含量均呈降低变化,种仁中各元素总量均呈显著上升趋势,在采收前1周Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Cu总量呈明显降低。种仁内淀粉总量与结果枝叶片及营养枝叶片中Cu含量,刺苞中Cu含量,果皮+种皮中K、Mn含量呈显著负相关;与刺苞中Fe含量,果皮+种皮中P、Mg、Cu含量呈极显著负相关;而与种仁中的N、P、K、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu总量极显著正相关。

In order to realize scientific fertilization and achieve high and stable yield, we investigated changes of main mineral elements （N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu） in developing fruits i.e. kernel, prickly burs, and pericarp ＆ seed coat, and different type of leaves in ＇Changmangzi＇. In addition, dynamic changes of the weight of different tissues of the fruit were also measured. Compared to the embryo initiation stage, nut weight, kernel weight, and total starch weight in the kernel increased by 6.14 g （92.4%）, 4.97 g （99.43%）, 3.82 g （99.92%）, respectively, atthe stage of nut maturity. Cucontents in the leaves of beating branch and the leaves of foliage branch showed a significant decrease tendency, while P and Zn showed an increase tendency. In the prickly burs, Ca, Fe, and Cu contents had a decreasetendency, while Zn increased at the early stage and then decreased, and other mineral elements did not change significantly. In the pericarp ＆ seed coat, N, P, K, Mg and Cu contents had a slight change at the early stage an then decreased significantly; Ca and Zn increased at the early stage and then decreased. In the kernel, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu contents had a decrease tendency, while their gross had an increase tendency. The total starch in the kernel was significantly and negatively correlated with the contents of Cu in the leaves of bearing branch, the leaves of foliage branch, and the prickly burs, and the contents of K, Mn in the pericarp ＆ seed coat, while significantly and positively correlated with the contents of N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cuinthekemel.