基于STR基因频率探究我国32个行政区域汉族亚群的遗传特征

Genetic Characteristics of Han Subpopulations of 32 Administrative Area in China Based on Allele Frequencies of Short Tandem Repeat Loci

探究我国不同行政区域汉族亚群间的分子遗传学关系一直是广受学术界关注的问题。短串联重复序列(STR)常应用于分子遗传学研究。综合采用了聚类分析、主成分分析和MCOA分析等统计学方法,对我国32个行政区域汉族亚群的9个常见STR基因座(D8S1179、D21S11、D7S820、D3S1358、D13S317、vWA、D18S51、D5S818、FGA)的等位基因频率数据进行了系统计算分析,初步探究了我国汉族亚群间的分子遗传关系、空间分布特征及分布格局的成因。研究发现,以长江为界,汉族可清晰地划分为南方汉族和北方汉族两大群体。北方汉族群体中,山东、天津与其它汉族亚群的遗传距离较大;南方汉族群体中,香港、海南和广西汉族亚群亲缘关系密切,但与南方其它汉族亚群遗传距离较大。厦门汉族亚群与北方汉族亚群的亲缘关系相对较近。主成分二维散点图从整体上体现出我国汉族亚群广分布、小聚集的空间分布格局。MCOA分析发现,形成我国汉族亚群目前分布格局的3个主要原因是:长江的地理隔离、历史上的洪涝灾害、战争或人祸引发的人口迁徙等。

Exploring the molecular genetics relationships between Han subpopulations in different administrative regions of China are always noticed by academics. Short tandem repeat （STR） has been often used in molecular genetics studies. The cluster analysis, principal component analysis and MCOA analysis had been used in this paper, we focused on the nine common STR loci （D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, D3S1358, D13S317, vWA, D18S51, D5S818, FGA） allele frequency data of Han subpopulations from 32 administrative regions in China, in order to initially explore the molecular genetics relationships, the spatial distribution characteristics and distribution pattern of the Chinese Han subpopulations. The studies revealed that the Han nationality could be segregated into two groups which are the Southern and the Northern Han by the Yangtze River. In the Northern areas of China, the Han subpopulations from Shandong and Tianjin have large genetic distance with others; In the Southern areas, the genetic relationships within the Han subpopulations of Hong Kong, Hainan and Guangxi are much closed and greatly different from the others. The Han subpopulation of Xiamen is comparatively closed to Northern Han. Principal component scatter plot reflects that the spatial distribution pattern of Han subpopulations is wide distribution and gathered tightly in small areas in China. The three main factors contributing to the distribution characteristics of Han subpopulations in China are geographic isolation by the Yangtze River, floods in history and the population migration caused by wars or disasters using MCOA analysis method.