古代中国的防灾问题试探

Explorations on Ancient China's Disaster Preparedness

古代中国人在与灾害斗争的过程中,充分认识到了事前预防对于抗灾减灾的重要意义,并且采取了大量可行的措施,制定了大量行之有效的法规。古人预防灾害的思想主要表现在如下几个方面:一是以农为本的思想;二是积储备荒的思想;三是重视水利的思想;四是崇尚节俭的思想;五是环境保护的思想。而古人为了贯彻"重在预防"的理念,又在发展农业、扩大仓储、兴修水利、保护环境等方面制定颁行了大量的法规,对预防灾害起了重大的积极作用。应该说,中国古代社会发达的农业文明与上述观念和制度的作用是有密切关系的,其历史经验值得我们借鉴。

Ancient Chinese people, in the course of the struggle with the disaster, were fully aware of the significance of preventing in advance, and took a lot of practical measures and laid down a number of effective regulations. In this paper, the idea of the ancients and disaster prevention system two aspects have been investigated and the ancients thought of disaster prevention mainly lie in the following aspects： First, agriculture- oriented thinking; Second store up preparedness ideas; Third, attaching importance to irrigation works; Fourth, advocating frugality; Fifth, enviromnental protection thinking. In order to implement the ＂focus on prevention＂ concept, the ancients enacted a number of laws and regulations on the development of agriculture, expanding storage, the construction of water conservancy, environmental protection, etc. which played a major positive role in the prevention of disasters. It should be said, the developed agricultural civilization in ancient China is closely related to the roles that the above ideas and institutions played.