从思维模式看苏、黄差异——兼及对“诗分唐宋”的新考察

Differences in the Mode of Thinking between Su Shi and Huang Tingjian: A New Interpretation of the Basic Differences between the Tang Poetry and the Song Poetry

同为宋诗代表,苏轼和黄庭坚的地位与本质有着明显差异。从内容、形式、风格看,苏、黄差异纷繁复杂。从思维模式看,苏、黄差异才能得到清晰凸显:苏诗重在"历时变异",体现为章法特色,比如"突转"、"回环"、"发现";黄诗重在"共时对立",体现为修辞习惯,比如"夺胎换骨"、"以物为人"、"避体就用"。从思维模式看,苏诗与唐诗根本融通,黄诗与唐诗根本隔膜。苏、黄的思维差异,昭示着唐诗与宋诗的本质分野。然而,唐诗终究高于宋诗,苏诗终究高于黄诗,根本原因是"历时变异"的思维模式更符合语言艺术的本质属性。

Both Su Shi and Huang Tingjian are representatives of the Song poetry in China,but their poems have obviously different essences and stances. Their poems differ greatly in content,form and style. Their differences find full expression in their different modes of thinking. Su Shi thinks highly of diachronic variation. As a result,his poems often contain dramatic changes. However,Hung Tingjian thinks highly of synchronic antithesis. As a result,his poems usually contain some special rhetoric methods. Su Shi's thinking mode is similar to that of the Tang poetry,while Huang Tingjian's is quite different. These differences reveal the basic distinction between the Tang poetry and the Song poetry. After all,the Tang poetry is superior to the Song poetry,while Su Shi is more outstanding than Huang Tingjian because diachronic variation is closer to the essential nature of language arts.