同里古镇旅游商业化的空间格局演变、形成机制及特征

Dynamic Spatial Pattern and Characteristics on Tourism Commercialization in the Old Town of Tongli

商业化是旅游发展过程中的必然现象.通过历史推演的方法分析了同里古镇在旅游开发起步期、旅游开发初期和旅游快速成长期三个不同阶段的商业化空间格局,探讨了旅游商业化的动力机制,实地调查了同里旅游商业化的特征,提出了商业化合理发展的对策建议.结果表明:(1)古镇旅游商业化的空间格局依托于原有的商业设施,受旅游者行为规律的影响,偏向于主要景点周边、步行游览线路上和主要出入口;(2)古镇旅游商业化包括自下而上和自上而下的两种动力机制;(3)古镇旅游商业化初期以当地居民经营为主,随着旅游开发进程的加快,外来投资者和经营户逐渐占据主导地位;(4)古镇商业化地域空间首先在传统的老街,之后在出入口、主要景点附近,而后在步行游览线路、次要景点周围,最后则可以突破原有古镇传统空间,在景区外围形成商业化的飞地.

This paper analyzes the locational dynamic of tourism commercialization in different period of tourism development stages. It discusses the dynamic mechanism of tourism commercialization and examines its characteristics of tourism business based on field investigation. It also gives some suggestions about alleviating uncontrolled tourism related business. Four characteristics have been summarized ： （ 1 ） Tourism business is begun on the resident-oriented commerce. Influenced by the tourist behavior rules, it is inclined to surrounding main tourism spot and leading entrances, and also inclined to along tourist route. （2） Bottom-up and up-bottom dynamic mechanism exist in the process of tourism commer- cialization. Bottom-up mechanism may be fundamental during the beginning of tourism development, and up-bottom mechanism during the medium and upper term of tourism development. The two mechanisms almost co-exist. （3） The operator originally comes from local people. With the rapid growth of tourist arrivals, overseas investment and operator replaces the local. （4）The tourism business appears firstly in the traditional streets, secondly in leading entrances and main spots, and then along the tourist routes and lesser-visited spots. At last it can break the geographical limit of the old town.