关于马恩唯物史观的“龙种”和“跳蚤”关系的几个问题——重读《德意志意识形态》

Several Issues Regarding the Relationship between“Dragon Seeds”and “Fleas”in Historical Materialism by Marx and Engels——A Re- Reading of“The German Ideology”

马克思主义中国化问题,是我国近年来马克思主义理论研究深化的一个重要表现。但是,这里仍有两个问题需要进一步搞清楚:一、马克思主义的内涵到底是什么?二、这个中国化是怎么化的。这两个问题联系起来包含着两个方面:前一个方面,这个主义指的是理论,即唯物史观;后者,这个化,指的是一个过程,即理论联系实际。作为过程,它指的是对唯物史观理论的理解和运用的正确和错误的状况。在马克思恩格斯那里,唯物史观是一种科学的历史观,他们称之为"龙种",一切不科学的历史观,他们称之为"跳蚤";在实际运用中,凡是正确理解和运用的,他们称之为"龙种",凡是不科学的理解和运用的,他们称之为"跳蚤"。

The sinicization of Marxism has been one of the important performance indicators in China's in- depth studies of Marxist theory in recent years. However,there are two issues which are required to be made clear: i) what the connotation of Marxism is; and ii) How it is sinicized? The two issues combined cover two aspects: one is that the doctrine of Marxism refers to a theory,i. e. historical materialism but the other is that the sinicization refers to a process or combination of theory and practice. As a process,it refers to the right or wrong condition in understanding and applying the theory of historical materialism. For Marx and Engels,historical materialism is a kind of scientific conception of history,which is what they called 'dragon seeds',but any unscientific conception of history is what they regarded as 'fleas'; in practice,those that are understood and applied in a right way are what they called 'dragon seeds'while those that are understood and applied in an unscientific way are what they called 'fleas'.