质子交换膜燃料电池电气性能实验及建模研究

Test and modelling of PEMFC electrical performance

质子交换膜燃料电池 (PEMFC)是很有前景的新型电动车动力电源 ,而电动汽车对动力电源的性能尤其是动态性能有较高要求。针对电动汽车动力系统的需求 ,采用在LABVIEW平台上开发的便携式测试系统对PEMFC实验系统在不同温度下的电压 电流特性、动态性能、过载能力、起动特性等电气性能进行了测试。实验结果表明 ,受试PEMFC系统在宽温度范围内均可输出额定功率 ,并有较快的动态响应速度。在实验基础上 ,采用最小二乘曲线拟合的方式 (部分借助MATLAB的IdentificationToolbox)建立了简便实用易于实现的PEMFC系统电气物理模型 ,着重考虑了电池温度及负载工况变化时电池系统的静态和动态性能。仿真结果表明 ,模型可以较好地描述PEMFC电池系统的电气特性尤其是动态响应特性 ,可为PEMFC电池系统及管理系统设计、优化和驱动系统设计提供参考。

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) could be used as a very promising power source for electric vehicle (EV), though the demands were quite high for PEMFC, especially for its dynamics. Presented a serial tests which focused on volt-ampere curves at different temperatures, dynamic response, over-load capability and ignition characteristics of PEMFC stack, using a portable system based on LABVIEW platform. The results show that the tested PEMFC stack can supply rated power with relatively quick response in a wide temperature range. Based on these tests, a practical electric model of PEMFC system is proposed. A second-order dynamic model is used to describe the PEMFC's electrical behavior when the temperature changes or load (especially the dynamic load) is applied. The simulation shows a good consistence with the experimental data. Therefore, the model can be used as a reference to design PEMFC system, PEMFC EV drive system and their optimizations.