刘师培“正名”思考的乌托邦瞬间

The Utopian Moment of Liu Shipei's Thinking on “Name Rectification”

"正名"问题贯通了刘师培"变节"之前的思想脉络。刘师培一方面看到中国的意义系统在西方冲击之下需要依照"公例"来修正,另一方面也意识到在西方所主导的世界格局中,此一公例只会将中国置入这一霸权性关系,因而他的"正名"冲动意在同时"克服"中西弊端,也引导他走向无政府主义革命。刘师培的"正名"冲动呈现出晚清知识分子回应中西古今冲突的独特方式,此种冲动的兴衰起伏正相符于刘前后变化的轨迹。"正名"可以说激发出一个新的"起源"瞬间:名物之间的关系的重新整理与确认,而且这一"视野"的边界不单是中国,甚至涵括进整个世界。刘师培激进的"乌托邦"政治观正是更大的"正名"问题的表现形式之一。而刘师培、章太炎和鲁迅关于"语言"问题思考的同异也暗示着他们对于中国未来的不同设想。

The issue of ＂Name Rectification＂ had run through Liu Shipei＇s thoughts before he betrayed the Revolution. On the one hand, he came to realize the fact that the system of Chinese naming should be modified to respond the challenge of the West; on the other hand, he was also aware that in the West-dominated world, if China totally accepted the universal law, it would be involved in the hegemonic relationship. Thus, Liu＇s aspiration of ＂Name Rectification＂ aimed at overcoming the limitations both on the West and China, which led him to be a radical revolutionist of anarchism. Therefore, Liu Shipei＇s thinking on ＂Name Rectification＂ reflects a unique approach by which the intellectuals in late Qing Dynasty responded to the great clashes between the traditional and the modern, the West and China. Furthermore, the change of his thoughts corresponded to that of his aspiration. It is pertinent to say that ＂Name Rectification＂ brought about a moment of ＂origin＂ , that is to say, a moment of reconstructing the relationship between names and things, the scope of which was far beyond China. In this context, Liu Shipei＇s utopian idea of politics could be regarded as one actualized form of ＂Name Rectification＂. As a result, the similarity and difference of the thought on the issue of ＂language＂ between Liu Shipei , Zhang Taiyan and Lu Xun implied their different visions on the future of China.