野服躬耕:晚明乡宦的文化装扮与仕隐并存

Personal Farming and Civilian Clothing: Township Officials’Cultural Attire and Multiple Faces in the Late Ming Dynasty

晚明时期随着商品经济的发展,价值选择和生存方式日渐多元,但同时社会变迁也带来了普遍的焦虑,乡宦的社会角色和身份定位变得复杂不确定。于是他们转而借用其他社会群体的角色来寻求身份之外的价值体现,以野服躬耕的文化装扮游离于隐士、官员、士人、农人、商人等不同角色之间。但晚明乡宦既不会抛弃士人身份成为绝对的隐士,也不会成为全然投身于地方事务的改革家,体现出社会转型期知识群体对自我的困惑和反省。

With the development of commodity economy in the late Ming Dynasty,the value choice and way of life were becoming more and more diversified.But the social change also brought about widespread anxiety,and the Township Officials’social roles and identities became complicated and uncertain. Therefore,they borrowed the role of other social groups to seek their value.They kept personal farming and civilian clothing,shifted their roles between hermits,officials,gentries,farmers and merchants to seek a perfect identity.Finally,they did not become an absolute recluse,nor did they devote wholeheartedly to the reforming of local affairs,which reflected their confusion and introspection.