滦河流域水系水体要素提取及其发展变化趋势分析

Features extraction and change trends analysis of stream and water in Luan River basin

为清楚地反映和揭示近几十年来我国北方持续干旱过程影响下的滦河流域水系水体要素发展的变化,为滦河流域的水资源保护和水环境治理等提供有力的证据,利用近30多年来的长系列、多时相的遥感数据提取滦河流域相应不同时间的水体要素状态,并利用地理空间分析技术分析其发展变化趋势。结果显示,滦河流域的地形地貌确定了流域水系要素的发育规律;滦河流域上游区近30年来的遥感影像揭示了泡子、淖尔等湖泊水域面积朝减小的趋势发展,并有部分泡子、淖尔等已处于干涸消亡状态;滦河下游河道及河滩近20年来的遥感影像对比分析表明,滦河下游河道已近乎断流,河滩地存在被开垦开发的现象。因此,长系列多时相的遥感技术和地理空间分析技术能够很好地揭示和反映流域水体要素的发展变化趋势,对于流域的水管理具有非常重要的参考价值。

Because of a continuing drought and rapidly development of the industry and agriculture in the Luan River Basin （LRB） in the recent decades, some serious problems of water resources and water environment have come up in this area. In order to reveal the changes of the stream and water features in this basin clearly and provide a strong evidence for the water resources protection and water environment treat- ment, multi-temporal and long series remote sensing data are used to extract the stream and water features of LRB and a geospatial-analyzing technique is used to study the change trends. The results are： （1） the topography of the LRB determines the development rules of the drainage network features; （2） the last three decades of remote sensing images reflect the decreasing trend of the lake＇s water area in the upper part of LRB, and some lakes are disappearing; （3） through comparing and analyzing the remote sensing images of the past two decades, it is found that the lower reaches of the Luan River are almost close to the status of drying up, and part of its flood plain have been cultivated or occupied. The multi-temporal and long series remote sensing images and geospatial-analyzing technique can be used to reveal the changes of the water features in a basin, and can be used to provide an important reference for the water management in a basin.