中国工业化的进展、新情况和成功实现

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Industrialization in China

改革开放以来中国工业化经历了农业和轻工业加速发展、制造业与出口快速增长和重新重工业化三个阶段,现在正处于工业化中后期。现阶段中国工业化面临资源环境约束、劳动力成本上升、就业弹性下降、制造业结构不合理、处于世界产业价值链低端、技术水平亟待提高、出口增加困难等问题,需要从转变制造业和外贸发展方式、推进制造业优化升级、提高资源使用效率、加强环境保护、增加人力资本投入、加大科技创新力度、加强企业管理以利降低成本和自主创新、深化改革以利清除制度障碍等方面着手,促进中国成功完成工业化和实现经济可持续发展。

China has experienced three stages of industrialization since reform and opening up:in the first stage,agriculture and light industry developed fast;in the second stage,equipment and machinery industry and export grew rapidly and in the last stage,heavy industry bloomed again.At present,China is still in the middle and post stage of industrialization.Facing the restriction of resource and environment,rising of labor cost,distortion of manufacturing industry structure and the problem of decreasing employment elasticity,China need to improve the efficiency of resource utilization,enhance environment protection,increase the investment of human resource and science and technology innovation investment and so on,which can promote the realization of industrialization and sustainable development of economy.