圈养普氏野马繁殖期的昼间行为时间分配

Diurnal Activity Time Budget of the Captive Przewalski's Horses during Breeding Season

2011年4月-8月，在新疆野马繁育中心采用目标动物取样法，研究了圈养普氏野马（Equus ferus przewalskii）繁殖期昼间行为时间分配。结果表明：（1） 雌雄普氏野马繁殖期采食、饮水和站立行为差异不显著（P〉0.05），而休息、运动、修饰和其他行为均表现出显著性差异（P 〈0.05）。其中，雄马的休息时间、修饰时间显著低于雌马，运动时间和其他行为时间显著高于雌马。（2） 雌雄个体繁殖期除运动、修饰和其他行为节律存在显著差异外（P 〈0.05），其余行为节律则表现出一定的同步性。（3） 雌雄野马繁殖期内昼间交配次数比较少，且同一家族群内雌马各自参与交配的日期基本不会重叠，同一天内，雄马与群内两匹以上雌马均有交配的现象十分罕见。

We observed the diurnal activity rhythm and duration of each behaviors of Przewalski’s horses in breeding period and post-breeding period by using focal animal sampling methods during April to August, 2011 at Xinjiang Wild Horse Breeding and Research Center. We tested the differences of time budget spent in each behaviors by male and female and the diurnal activity rhythm between males and females by the One-way ANOVA test. We totally made 14 688 min,valide observations （8 736 min in breeding period and 5 952 min in post-breeding period） and found out （1） during breeding season both males and females same time in feeding, drinking and standing （P〉0.05）, but males spent less time in resting, grooming and more timein moving and other behavior （P〈0.05）; （2） The difference in diurnal activity rhythm between males and females were showed in moving, grooming and other behavior （P〈0.05）, but no difference in the rest activity rhythms between the two genders; （3） Mating behavior was hardly occurred in daytime, and in one family group no any two females were mated by the same male in the same day. That indicated the possibility of one stallion mate with two or more female horses in one family group was very rare.