白塞病眼病111例临床分析

A clinical analysis of ocular involvement in 111 cases of Behcet＇s disease

目的 分析白塞病眼部病变的临床特点,提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析北京协和医院2002-2012年收治的白塞病眼病患者的临床资料.结果 白塞病眼病111例,男性患者多见,男：女为2.08∶1.白塞病发病年龄（27.6±10.8）岁,发生眼病时年龄（31.5±10.7）岁;发生眼病时白塞病的中位病程24（0,372）个月.眼部受累：85.6％的患者双眼受累,66.7％的患者视力下降,且病程中视力0.1以下占60.4％;葡萄膜炎多见,占90.10％,其中全葡萄膜炎占62.16％.男性患者出现视力下降（57例）、增殖性视网膜病变（8例）多于女性（17例;0例）,白内障发生率（58.67％）、HLA-B51阳性率（14/21）高于女性（36.11％;1/9）（P ＜0.05）,而皮肤黏膜、内脏器官受累等眼外表现男女间差异无统计学意义.患葡萄膜炎者均予糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂治疗,77例患者视力改善,49例患者反复发作,28例（25.5％）致盲.糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂治疗无效或反复者（19例）给予生物制剂治疗,其中12例症状好转,2例无效,5例仍反复发作.结论 白塞病眼病以男性多见,多为葡萄膜炎,且临床表现较重,并发症多,HLA-B51阳性率高.葡萄膜炎对糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂治疗有效,但易复发,致盲率高.TNFoα拮抗剂对复发性葡萄膜炎部分有效.

Objective To study the ocular manifestations in patients with Behcet＇s disease （BD）.Methods Medical records at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2002 to 2012 were reviewed to identify the patients who were diagnosed as BD with ocular involvement.Results One hundred and eleven BD patients developed ocular involvement.Males were more frequently involved,and the male/female ratio was 2.08∶ 1.The age at the onset of BD and the time of ocular involvement were （27.6-± 10.8） and （31.5 ± 10.7） years,respectively.The median interval between the diagnosis of BD and ocular disease was 24 （0,372） months.Ocular involvement was bilateral in 85.6% patients.About two thirds patients （66.7%） had impaired vision,for example,visual acuity of 0.1 or less was detected in 60.4% patients.Uveitis （90.1%） was the most common findings in BD patients with ocular involvement and the most frequent type of uveitis in both sexes was panuveitis （62.16%）.Vision loss,proliferative retinopathy and cataract were more common in men.There was a statistically significantly higher frequency of positive human leukocyte antigen（HLA）-B51 in the male BD with ocular involvement than in the female.All BD patients with uveitis were given systemic corticosteroid or combined immunosuppressive agents.The improvement of visual acuity was seen in 77% BD patients,but the recurrent attacks occurred in 49% patients,resulting in blindness in 25.5% of them.TNFα blockers were given to 19 recurrent uveitis patients,12 patients improved while two had no response.Conclusions The most common ocular involvement in BD was uveitis.Males were more frequently involved with a more severe disease,higher complications and positive HLA-B51 than in females.Glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants were effective to uveitis,but high rate of recurrent inflammatory ocular attacks led to high risk of blindness.TNFα blockers may improve the outcome of recurrent BD uveitis.