宁夏2011年-2013年度职业暴露人群血清学和环境禽流感监测分析

Analysis of avian influenza among occupational exposure crowd in Ningxia from 2011 to 2013

目的了解宁夏职业暴露人群H5N1禽流感病毒抗体水平和环境中禽流感病毒的分布情况,为禽流感的防控提供科学依据。方法采用血凝抑制试验检测职业暴露人群A(H5N1)血凝素抗体;采用Real-time RT-PCR方法对环境标本进行H5、H7、H9禽流感病毒核酸检测,从2013年4月份起,对采集的环境标本增加H7N9核酸检测。结果职业暴露人群812人份血清H5N1抗体均为阴性;环境标本760份禽流感病毒核酸检测A型阳性率为5.13%。A型禽流感病毒核酸阳性样本除原州区未检出外,其它地区均检出阳性标本。不同监测场所城乡活禽市场样本阳性率最高,不同环境样本宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面擦拭标本阳性率最高。结论职业暴露人群血清标本中未检测出A(H5N1)禽流感病毒抗体阳性标本,宁夏监测点环境中存在H5、H9禽流感病毒,未检出H7N9禽流感病毒。城乡活禽市场是禽流感病毒重要的集散地。

Objective To learn the H5N1 avian influenza virus antibody level in occupational exposure crowd and avian influen- za virus distribution in environment in Ningxia, so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of avian influenza. Methods Hemagglntination inhibition test was used to detect the A（H5N1 ） hemagglutinin antibody in occupational exposure crowd, while real - time RT - PCR was employed to detect H5, H7, H9 avian influenza virus nucleic acid in environmental samples. From April 2013, H7N9 nucleic acid was detected in environmental samples. Results All the 812 serum H5N1 anti-bodies from occupational exposure population were negative, while the positive rate of avian infludnza A virus in 760 environ-mental specimens was 5.13%. Except Yuanzhou, avian influenza A virus nucleic acid was positive in all of the other monitoring regions. Monitoring results of workplace environmental samples showed that the highest positive rate of avian influenza virus nucleic acid was found in live poultry markets of urban and rural areas. Avian influenza virus nucleic acid test results of different environment samples showed that the highest positive rate was found on surface of chopping board for placing poultry meat. Conclusion Antibody of A（ H5N1 ） avian influenza virus was not found in occupational exposure crowd in Ningxia. In environment samples, avian influenza virus H5 and H9 were positive, but H7N9 was not detected. Live poultry markets in urban and rural areas is an important distribution center for avian influenza virus.