转向柱后倾角对三轮汽车前轮自激摆振特性影响

The Influence of the Steering Column Caster on Shimmy of the Front Wheel of Three-wheeled Vehicle

为获得转向柱后倾角对三轮汽车摆振影响,以国产某型三轮汽车作为样车,对其转向系统进行了简化,建立了二自由度前轮摆振系统动力学模型。基于以上模型,运用数值计算方法,得到了随车速变化的前轮摆振系统振动特性及转向柱后倾角变化对其的影响。结果表明,减小转向柱后倾角,能有效减小三轮汽车前轮自激摆振的速度区间。而当车速较高,前轮摆振系统发生自激振动时,减小转向柱后倾角能有效地降低前轮自激摆振极限环幅值和频率,甚至消除自激摆振现象。

In order to get the influence of the steering column caster on the front wheel shimmy of the three-wheeled vehicle, a domestic three-wheeled vehicle as the prototype was simplified. And the dynamic model of the front wheel shimmy system of two degree of freedom was established. The vibration characteristics of the front wheel shimmy system changing with the velocity and the effects on it of the steering column caster were got by numerical calculation. The results show that the shimmy velocity range of the front wheel of three-wheeled vehicle reduces with the decrease of the caster. When the shimmy occurs with high velocity, increasing the caster will reduce the amplitude and the frequency of the shimmy or even eliminate the shimmy phenomenon.