侦查监督制度的中国模式及其改革

The Chinese Mode and Reform of the System of Supervision Investigation

检察机关对侦查实施一元化监督,构成侦查监督制度的中国模式。检察监督侦查模式具有重大缺陷:对自行侦查的监督陷入同体监督的困局,对公安侦查的监督则存在追诉主导的局限性。其实质是自我监督、控方内部监督,弊端在于规避、排斥异体监督,即来自控方之外的法院监督和律师监督。在该模式下,侦查讯问监督机制缺失致刑讯发生,逮捕因审查程序中法官缺位和律师参与不足而沦为追诉的附庸,搜查、扣押、监听等强制处分亦未能建立起外部审查监督机制。以上种种,致自由、财产、隐私诸权处于侦查机关的完全控制之下。为实现对侦查的监督,应贯彻法治和保障人权宪法原则,根据诉讼结构理论建立对强制侦查的法院监督机制和律师监督机制,并完善程序规则约束侦查行为。

The procuratorial organs supervise the investigation unitarily, which constitutes the Chinese mode of the system of supervision investigation. This mode has major defects： the supervision of the self - investigation creates the dilemma of consubstantial supervision, and the supervision of the police＇s investigation has the prosecution - leading limit. The nature of this mode is self - supervision or accuser＇s internal supervision, and the disadvantage is evading and excluding the other organs＇ supervision. Under this mode, the absence of the system of investigation interrogation and supervision may lead to the extorting confessions by torture, the arresting, because of the deficiency of the judge and the lawyer in the examination procedure, becomes the dependency of prosecution, and the coercive dispositions such as searching, arresting and monitoring fail to set the external investigation and supervision system either. Thanks to everything above, the rights such as liberty, property and privacy are totally under control of the investigative organ. To achieve the supervision of the investigation, we should implement the constitutional principle of ruling by law and safeguarding the human rights, set the supervision mechanism of the court and the lawyer against the mandatory investigation according to the structure of litigation, perfect the procedural rules and regulate the investigation actions.