垄断势力及其福利损失测度:一个综述

Market Power and the Measurement of Its Welfare Losses:A Review

垄断伴随着市场势力,将导致社会福利的损失,垄断势力的福利效应是一个重要的研究内容。垄断势力最早由经济学家勒纳于1934年提出,1954年哈伯格沿着勒纳的研究思路,对美国垄断势力造成的福利损失进行了测度。其后很多经济学家对其研究结论展开争论,出现了大量的理论和实证研究文献。通过梳理垄断的福利损失测度的相关模型,如马歇尔剩余与希克斯剩余、塔洛克—波斯纳方法、莱宾斯坦—科马诺方法、迪克西特—斯特恩方法等,总结了研究的最新进展,分析表明这一研究对于在我国执行反垄断政策时把握反垄断的力度很有指导意义。

Monopoly and the induced market power will cause social welfare losses ,and the study on effect on monopoly power is an important part .Market power was proposed by Lerner in 1934 as a pioneering paper ,and Harberger estimated the welfare loss of monopoly in America following the track of Lerner . His research conclusion raised arguments , and many economists had lots of theoretical and empirical papers on this subject .This paper sorts out related models that measure welfare loss caused by monopoly , such as Marshall surplus VS Hicks surplus , Tullock-Posner Approach , Leibenstein-Comanor Approach and Dixit-Stern Approach . Based on these , we summarize the latest research ,and come to the conclusion w hich reveals that the study is significant in implementing the antitrust policy .