论技术资本:社会经济的第四种资本

Technology Capital:the Fourth Capital in Economics

技术如何转化为现实生产力,其实质是技术如何转变为资本。因为,在商品市场经济里,只有资本才创造价值。从资本基础理论出发,探索技术资本生成机制,可以发现,技术资本的产生,需要经过生产活动、登记所有权凭证确定技术产权、完成买卖交易进入经济领域等三个关键环节,资本生成机制是技术资本存在的理论基石。技术资本是一种可测度的要素资本,并作为企业价值函数的一个变量,其数额主要由技术提供者的数量、技术转化为资本的转化率和技术资产存量等因素共同决定。只有自主技术研发能力与货币资本筹集能力、机器配置能力和人力配置能力相当时,才可实现企业技术资本与要素资本配置的最优化。企业要素资本虽然属于异质性资本,但要素资本之间具有替代性。并且,技术替代人力的程度远大于机器设备替代人力的程度,企业技术水平的高低与员工数量之间具有负向关系。

There is an unsettled problem in our country＆#39;s economic development ,that is ,how the technology is translated into real productivity . From the theory of capital , the research on the formation mechanism of the technology capital show s that the generation of technology capital need three progress w hich are production activities ,property right identification by registering ow nership and entry into economic area by completing transaction . Capital formation mechanism is the theoretical base of the technology capital theory .The measure of the technology capital is the key to prove its existence .T he amount of technology providers ,the rate of technology into the capital and the technology capital stock decide the amount of the technology capital together .Only w hen the ability of independent technology research and development matches with the monetary capital raising ability , and the ability of machine configuration and human resources allocation can we achieve the optimization in the distribution of the enterprise technology capital and the element capital .T he element capital has the characteristic of heterogeneity and substitutability .In addition , the substitute degree of the technology to manpower is much higher than the opposite .There is a negative relationship between firms＆#39;technology level and the number of employees .