明清小说乡村意象叙事艺术论略

Discussion on the Narrative Art of Rural Image in the Novels of Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清小说中的乡村并没有如同城市一样成为一种文学生态,而多以一种孤立、自足的姿态出现在小说文本中,正是这种孤立的自足使得乡村得以保持其意蕴的纯洁性,这种意蕴的纯洁性也使其成为内涵相对集中的乡村意象,从而对小说的意义生发、审美表达、叙事建构等方面产生积极作用。乡村在明清小说叙事之维可归结为四个方面的价值,即在叙事节奏上起到张弛相间,是缺场的叙事动力,给小说带来客观真实感的陌生化叙事以及所具的"奇""险""趣""味"叙事张力。明清小说的乡村描写之价值应予以重估,以纠长期明清小说研究中对其的偏见。

The countryside in the novels of Ming and Qing dynasties was not incorporated into the literary e-cology, and it usually existed as an isolated and self-contained part in the text, which enabled the novels to main- tain their pure connotation. The rural image has relatively rich and focused eonnotation which plays an active part in the meaning generation, aesthetic expression and narrative construction. The rural image has narrative values for its different but appropriate rhythm, its absence power, its strangeness which brings a sense of reality, and its nar-rative styles of qi （strangeness）, xian （risk）, qu and wei （fun）. The value of rural description in novels of Ming and Qing dynasties should be re-assessed so as to remove the long-term bias against it in related research.