上海市原南汇地区2012年小学生视力状况调查

Pupils' Vision Survey in Nanhui District of Shanghai in 2012

目的 了解上海市原南汇地区小学生视力状况,分析近视患病影响因素,为小学生视力保健工作提供科学依据.方法 采用整群抽样调查方法,对3 385名1～5年级小学生进行视力检查,并向其家长发放问卷进行相关因素调查.结果 学生近视率为60.3％,小学生近视率随着年级的升高而呈现增高趋势（x2=370.5,P＜0.01）;女生近视率（63.1％）高于男生（57.6％）.学龄前健康状况、学习压力、读写姿势、母亲视力和照明光源是小学生近视发展的影响因素.结论 小学生近视率随着年级和学习压力的增加而增加.学校应重点关注高年级学生和女学生视力情况,且需将视力预防保健工作前移,动员家长积极主动配合并参与儿童正确读写姿势的培养,构筑家庭、学校和社会三位一体的视力预防保健体系.

OBJECTIVE To learn the myopia status of NanHui pupils, analyze influence factors of myopia prevalence, provide scientific basis for vision care in primary schools. METHODS Using cluster sampling method, examing pupils sight from grade one to grade five, and investigating related factors through questionnaires by their parents. RESULTS Students myopia prevalence was 60.3%.With the rising grades, it showed a gradual increase in myopia（X2=370.5, P〈0.01）. Female student myopia prevalence（63.1%） was higher than male students（57.6%）： Health status in preschool period, academic pressure, reading and writing posture, mother＇s sight and lighting were the developing factors of pupils myopia. CONCLUSION Pupils myopia prevalence increased with grades and academic pressure.School should lay emphasis on higher grade, female students as the main object of attention, so that the preventive vision health care would take forward. Parents are encouraged to participate in fostering the correct reading and writing posture, build a family, school and social trinity preventive vision care system.