论传记作者与传记真实的关系

On Relationship between Biographers and Biographical Authenticity

传记文学的真实性与传记作者密切相关。一方面,传记文学的失真与传记作家未能严格遵循真实性原则有关。而导致传记作家未能遵循这一原则的原因是错综复杂的,既有客观存在的一些因素,如材料的不真实,统治阶级的淫威与亲友的压力,以及史家一以贯之的"为尊者讳,为亲者讳,为贤者讳"传统的影响,也有传记作者本身道德修养方面的缺陷,或为了迎合读者的兴趣,或为了功名利益,或为了个人恩怨。另一方面,传记作者也是传记真实的捍卫者。为了维护传记文学的真实性,古代传记作者和批评家们曾从多方面作了积极努力,既为我们留下了一大批真实可信的传记作品,也为我们留下了许多有关传记真实性的理论。

The the distortions in hi authenticity of biographical literature is closely related to biographers. On the one hand, ographies are often due to the biographers＇ failure to follow the principle of truthfulness, which may result from rather diversified and data, ideological influences, pressures from void negative descriptions of the respectab the biographers＇ moral defects, featuring complicated factors, involving either objective ones, such as false family members and friends, and many biographers＇ instinct to a- le, friendly and/or virtuous biographees; or subjective ones, such as the catering for the reader＇ s expectation, the pursuit of fames and fortunes, or the expression of personal resentment. On the other hand, biographers are the defenders of bio- graphical authenticity. They have, from ancient times on, been making various great efforts to secure the truthfulness of biographies, thereby leaving us a great deal of reliable works of biography as well as a lot of the- ories on biographical authenticity.