“项目下乡”发生与发展的政治社会学阐释——一个功能主义的分析路径

Political Sociological Explanation of the Emergence and Development of “Project Entering Villages”:A Functionalism Analysis

文章将"项目下乡"的发生与发展置于特定的历史进程、宏观政治生态与社会基础中加以考察,研究认为:服务型国家建设、城乡差距和治道变革是客观理解"项目下乡"的宏观背景。"项目下乡"发生的基本逻辑是农村公共产品陷入自我供给困境,国家通过外源性输入,借助行政吸纳服务机制,完善农村公共产品供给,建构国家与农民有机联系的一种制度安排和现实选择。从现代国家的理想体制来看,"项目下乡"的发展不仅仅是简单的财政转移支付,改善农村公共产品的问题,更要着眼于变革传统乡村,促进村庄公共精神成长,增强内生性供给能力,实现国家与社会、政府与农民的合作共治。

This paper is to investigate the emergence and development of ＂project entering villages＂ in a specific historical process, macro political environment and on the social foundation. The study shows that the macro background of the objective understanding of the project is composed of the following： construction of service-oriented country, gap between the urban and rural areas, and governance transitions. The basic logic underlying the project is that public goods in rural areas are in the predicament of self-supply. The state shall improve the supply of public goods in rural areas with the external input and the administrative mechanism to absorb service so as to construct a system and practical choice of the organic connection between the state and the farmers. In terms of the ideal system of modem state, the development of ＂project entering villages＂ not only concerns the financial transfer payment and improving the public goods in rural areas, but also concerns transforming the traditional countryside, promoting the public spirit growth of villages, enhancing the endoge- nous supply capacity so as to achieve the cooperation and co-governance between the state and the society, the government and the farmers.