民国时期詹安泰的文学本位论及其历史贡献

Zhan An- tai's Literary Theory during the Period of the Republic of China

詹安泰是民国时期著名的古典文学研究专家,在词学、古典文论及《诗经》、《楚辞》等方面,多有建树。詹安泰的古典文学理论与文学批评的研究始于民国时期,其中最富有新意和学术价值的是"文学本位观"和文学"自性"论。针对当时"社会决定论"的文学观念,詹安泰鲜明地提出以人为本的文学本位观,认为文学"风格"生成的关键和根本是由作家决定的;由此提出文学的"独自性",从文学的创作和接受机制两个方面,指出文学的世界是作家"我心"对现实世界的再创造,文学释读和接受的根本是人的生命体验。詹安泰的"文学本位观"和"文学自性"说,在民国学术界独树一帜,其深层意味和启迪是:文学中的"人学"命题,是文学和文学理论研究中的根本命题。对"文学即人学"这一简赅而朴素的命题所持的立场和观念,决定着对文学的释读和理论阐释的立场和路径。

The study of Zhan An - tai＇s classical literature research focused on his theory of Ci-poctry, Books of songs and Chuci. His achievements in classical literary theory and criticism were often ignored. During the period of the republic of China, Zhan An-tai started on the construction of classical literary theory and criticism system, which his theory of further development since the foundation of the country were based on. The sociological approach was very popular in the study of literature in the republic of China. Scholars tended to attribute ＂style＂ to social environment, Zhan An-tai pointed out the writer＇ s personal differences were determined. In explaining ＂jingjie＂ which was advanced by Wang Guo-wei, some scholars emphasized the role of natural scenery; Zhan An-tai claimed that the ＂jingjie＂ should be consisted of ＂qingqu＂ and ＂biaoxian＂. He emphasized the writer＇s individual and unique artistic techniques in his theory from his discussion on ＂style＂, ＂jingjie＂ and other categories. Zhan An- tai stressed that literary studies should be on the basis of comprehensive master of the work, combine the unique artistic technique and background, so as to get in the writer＇s purpose. The methods of literary theory and criticism of Zhan An-tai still have great significance to our present classical literature study.