当代文学想象与国家形象构建——以乡土文学创作为视角

The Contemporary Literary Imagination and the Construction of National Image ——From the Perspective of Local Literature

国家形象是一个认知和评价的综合体,并通过多种形式和途径进行建构和传播。中国当代文学是国家形象内涵不可或缺的组成部分,也是其艺术建构的重要方式。乡土文学在当代文学史中具有极其重要的地位和意义,以此为视角,可以整体观照当代文学在国家形象建构中的真实面貌,有效探讨前者之于后者建构的诸多可能性。从创作实践来看,当代乡土作家主要以怀恋式、联想式和寓言式三种乡土情结形态来呈现自己的情感经验,并集中以"结构性"和"阐释性"两种想象方式言说人与土地关系的时代变迁,以乡土中国的书写实施对国家形象的艺术建构。由于乡土经验的断裂和乡土世界变化的复杂性,乡土作家的这种想象书写在很大程度上带有乌托邦的特点,形成了对乡土中国形象的某种遮蔽和误读。突破历史的局限将为国家形象的艺术建构提供新的可能,这是中国当代文学必须面对的重要问题,也是深化国家形象理论和实践研究所要面对的课题。

The national image is a complex of cognition and evaluation that spreads and constructs through various forms and channels. Chinese contemporary literature is an indispensable component part of the national image and is also an important way to the artistic construction. Local literature has extremely important status and significance in the history of the contemporary liter- ature. From this perspective, it can see the truth of the contemporary literature in the whole national image construction and ex- plore the possibilities of how the former constructs the latter effectively. From the writing practice, contemporary native writers ex- press their emotional experience mainly in three native forms Nostalgic, Associative and Allegorical. They focus on the ＂ structural＂ and ＂interpretation＂ the two imaginary relationships to tell the times changes between man and land. Also, they com- plement the artistic construction by writing about the Chinese countryside. Because of the complexity of local experience of the fracture and local changes of the world, this imaginative writing with the feature of Utopia forms a folk Chinese image obscured and misread. Breaking through the limitations of the history offers new possibilities for the national image construction of art which is an important problem that Chinese contemporary literature needs to face.