现代汉语潜在语义预设取消机制刍议

The Canceling Mechanism of the Latent Semantic Presuppositions in Chinese

一个潜在预设转化为实际预设的核心前提是,它必须与广义上下文语境相容,与上下文的各种语义(包括词汇意义、语法意义;显义、蕴涵义[entailment]、隐涵义[implicature]、预设义)不矛盾、不重叠;阻碍潜在预设转化为实际预设的内在机制("预设取消机制")是潜在预设与广义上下文的各种语义的彼此矛盾、相互重叠。潜在预设与实际预设反映的实际上是相应的预设触发语的两种不同的语用价值或功能。研究预设取消机制,探析影响现代汉语潜在语义预设向实际语义预设转化的因素,是深化汉语预设触发语研究、深化汉语预设研究的需要,也是一种重要途径。

A basic premise to change a potential presupposition into an actual one is as follows： It must be compatible not only with the context but with every aspects of the context （including lexical meaning,grammatical meaning; explicature,entailment, implicative,presupposition meaning ） as well; the inter- mechanism （The Canceling Mechanism of presupposition）that stops a potential presupposition change into an actual one is the conflicts and the differences between the potential presupposition and the context/hypertext （common senses）. What a presupposition, potential or actual, reflects the value or function in Pragmatics caused by certain presuppositions. It is a significant way and necessary for the further study to analysis the factors which influence the transform of Chinese presuppositions from potential to actual.