韩愈《原道》“老子之小仁义,非毁之也”正诂——兼论训诂学研究和古籍译注的几条原则

Correct Interpretation of Han Yu's Satement that "Tao Tzu Belittles Righteousness and Libel it" in Original Tao——concurrently on the several principles of critical interpretation of ancient texts and translations and annotation of ancient works

韩愈《原道》的"非毁之也",并非像众多注译者所解释的那样,是一个否定判断句。"非毁"是个动词,意为"诽谤;诋毁","之"指"仁义","也"是表停顿的句中语气词。"老子之小仁义,非毁之也"意为"老子轻视仁义,(并且)诽谤、诋毁它"。由对这一问题的讨论,我们觉得有必要重提并强调训诂学研究和古籍译注所应遵循的几条原则:第一,忌不顾语言事实强为之解;第二,忌无视问题症结避难就易;第三,要结合语法分析探求文意。

It is not true with the interpretations of the many annotators, that the Chinese sentence “Fei hui zhi ye” in Original Tao by Han s is a negative determinative. “Fei hui” is a verb, meaning to “slander”, or “libel”; while “zhi”referring to “righteousness” and “ye”, a modal particle in the middle of the sentence to denote a pause. The whole sentence that “Laozi zhi xiao ren yi, fei hui zhi ye＂ means that ＂Laozi qing shi ren yi, （bing qie）fei bang, di hui ta”, i. e. , “Lao Tzu belittles righteousness and libels it. ” The dis-cussion of the concerning issue shows that, it is necessary to bring up again with stress several principles to abide by in the research of critical interpretations of ancient texts and annotations of ancient works： First, to avoid the negligence of linguistic facts for inter-pretations by force; Second, to avoid the negligence of crucial point for the choice of easy ways; Third, to seek the meaning of the text with the combination of grammatical analyses.