卡尔松建筑美学“存在”理论再思考

A Reconsideration on Theory of “Being” in Allen Carlson's Architecture Aesthetics

在建筑美学中,卡尔松提出了"存在"理论,为环境美学增添了新的内涵,但这一理论有两个重要局限:一是忽视了其他艺术欣赏领域中"存在"问题出现的可能性;二是没有阐明建筑作品更易产生"存在"问题的深层原因。审美欣赏活动中"存在"问题的产生与否,从内部看,取决于审美客体的公共资源占用与社会功能实现之间的比例关系;从外部看,则依赖于不同语境下审美主体与审美客体所建立起来的具体联结方式。建筑作品之所以更易催生"存在"问题,就在于其公共资源占用与社会功能实现之间的不对等关系。

In architectural aesthetics, Allen Carlson puts forward the theory of ＂being＂ , which added new connotation to environmental aesthetics. However, there are two limitations： firstly it neglects the possibility of the problem of ＂being＂ in other art appreciation ; and secondly it does not catch sight of the true causes of the problem of ＂being＂ in architecture. In effect, whether the problem of ＂being＂ arises or not, depends on the proportion of the occupation of common resources of an object and the realization of social function. On the other hand, it de- pends on the particular relationship among various contexts, as well as between object and speculators. The reason why architectural works are easier to create the problem of ＂being＂ is due to the unequal relationship between the occupation of common resources and the realization of social functions.