马克思主义“文学典型”学说新论

The New View on Marxist “Literature Archetypal”

"文学典型"学说是建立在文学语言与社会现实镜像功能基础之上的,认为文学通过语言这种媒介可以忠实客观地反映社会生活。马克思主义的"典型环境中的典型人物"学说更是社会历史批评视域中的命题,是在历史唯物主义的框架下对文学社会属性和价值功能的一种界定和把握。20世纪以来的西方文学理论以文本代替作品,把文学当做语言系统内部的自我指涉,割断文本与外在客观世界的关系,使得文学典型学说受到冲击和挑战。本文认为,马克思主义的典型学说,不是一个单纯的文学理论问题,而是一个与关于历史发展、人的解放、人的自由发展等论说密切相关的重大问题。

The Literature Archetypal bases on the premise that language may reflect the reality. The typical character in the typical environment of Marxism is an issue of historical materialism. In recent years, the western literary theory put forward the concept of text and deem the literature as a self-reference of language, thus separating the text from the outside world. This paper points out that Literature Archetypal of Marxism is not only a pure theory of literature and it is an important issue concerning human liberation and individual development. In short, Litera- ture Archetypal of Marxism has important realistic meaning in modern times.