生物质炭对退化蔬菜地土壤的改良效果

Ameliorating effects of biochar application on degraded vegetable soil

【目的】探讨生物质炭改良退化蔬菜地土壤性状的效果,为消除退化蔬菜地障碍因子提供科学依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验方法研究生物质炭施用对退化蔬菜地土壤养分、酸碱度和微生物组成等的影响,设不施化肥或生物质炭作对照、仅施用化肥的常规施肥、仅施用生物质炭和混施化肥与生物质炭等4个处理。【结果】与对照和常规施肥处理相比,施用生物质炭的两个处理均降低了土壤容重,增强了土壤通气性,且显著提高了土壤pH、有效钙、有效镁、有效钼、有效硅含量和微生物生物量碳,降低了土壤交换性酸。施用生物质炭还可增加土壤中放线菌和细菌数量,降低土壤真菌数量,增加土壤B/F(细菌+放线菌/真菌)值。施用生物质炭对土壤全磷、全氮和水溶性盐分等的影响不明显。【结论】生物质炭能够明显提升蔬菜连作地土壤质量和改善其生物学环境,适用于改良退化蔬菜地。

[Objective]Effects of biochar application on improving properties of degraded vegetable soil were studied to provide scientific references for removing obstacles of degraded vegetable field. [Method]A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of biochar application on nutrients,pH and microorganism of the degraded vegetable soil. The experiment included four treatments,ie., control without application of any chemical fertilizers or biochar,conventional fertilization with application of chemical fertilizers,biochar treatment with application of only biomass charcoal ,and conventional fertilization＋ biochar treatment with application of both biochar and chemical fertilizers. [ Result ] Compared with the control and conven- tional fertilization,the application of biochar increased soil aeration,pH,available Ca, Mg,Mo,and Si, micro -biomass C, number of bacterium and actinomyces,and value of B/F （bacterium＋actinomyces/fungus）,and decreased soil bulk densi- ty, soil exchangeable acidity, and number of fungus. However, the application of biochar had no significant effects on soil to- tal P,N and water-soluble salt. [ Conclusion ] Application of biochar can remarkably improve vegetable soil and its biolog- ical environment, so biochar is suitable for ameliorating degraded vegetable soil.