中非关系研究中国际话语的演变

Changing Discourse on China-Africa Relations since the 1990s

中非关系在21世纪成为国际政治中的显赫话题,国际学界对于中非关系研究的话语也在不断变化。作者主要针对学者著述、智库报告以及个别重要的报刊文章,论述20世纪90年代以来中非关系研究话语方面的转变,这种转变分为三个阶段。第一阶段为20世纪90年代,此阶段中非关系的研究非常少,主要集中在国际政治或国际关系方面。第二阶段为2000-2008年,2000年召开的中非合作论坛导致国际社会开始聚焦中非关系,相关研究成果猛增,但由于话语权由西方学者掌握,研究的倾向性十分明显。第三阶段为2008年至今,2008年美国和欧盟同时公开发出与中国在非洲事务方面进行合作的信息,从而对相关国际舆论起到某种导向作用。此阶段话语转变的重要标志之一是不少非洲学者的介入和非洲智库影响力的增强,总体研究趋向理性客观。

This article divides the changing discourse on China-Africa relations since the 1990 s into three phases.During the first phase(the 1990s),few researchers did study on the subject,which concentrated on either international relations or development studies.The second phase(2000-2008) witnessed a great increase of research on the subject with the set-up of FOCAC.Yet the discourse was generally controlled by western scholars,and the bias was obvious.The third phase started from 2008,when both the EU and the U.S.A.publicly called for cooperation with China in African affairs.This tendency has somewhat influenced the discourse,and African scholars have been increasingly participating in the debate.Several characteristics in the current international discourse are identified.First,the public comments on China-Africa relations by leaders of West countries made some impact on the discourse.Secondly,the research has moved from general study with biased analyses to micro-field research supported by data.Thirdly,the involvement of African scholars has enriched the debate and changed the discourse once monopolized by West scholarship,and will definitely contribute to the sustainable development of China-Africa relations.Fourthly,the international community is gradually inclined to analyze China-Africa relations in a broader framework.At present,the study of China-Africa relations is expanding to the new fields such as the comparison between China's ODA and that of the West,human rights,environmental issues,immigrants and their impact,soft power,trilateral cooperation,etc.