框定竞争与“保护的责任”的演进

Framing Contests and the Evolution of "Responsibility to Protect"

作者以"保护的责任"理念的规范化过程为例,探讨国际规范的演化机制问题。以规范生命周期为基本框架的主流"社会化"思路难以把握行为体话语交锋在规范演进中的影响,难以解释规范理念自身在传播过程中发生的变异。行为体间的框定竞争是塑造规范演进轨迹的重要机制。规范/理念在各方框定策略互动的作用下发生变化调整。以"保护的责任"演进中的框定竞争为例,作者指出,以干预与国家主权国际委员会为代表的一方提出"保护的责任"这一新概念,转换关注视角,重新解读"主权"与"人权"的关系,使之成为相关讨论的主导框架,增进了对"国际人道干预"正当性的认可。对人道主义干预持保留意见的各方则对该议题进行了重新框定,提出如何避免以"保护"为名进行的干预造成更大伤害的问题,将焦点转向"保护的责任"的具体执行,对前者构成补充和限制,推动"保护的责任"的发展进入新阶段。

Why did some international norms emerge quickly but suffered setbacks after a period of diffusion while the content of these norms also changed significantly Former studies based on the framework of 'socialization' could not answer this question well.This paper investigates the role of frame contest in the evolution of international norms,taking the normalization process of 'responsibility to protect(R2P)' as an example.The author argues that different agents might raise their own frames and different frames are competing with each other during the process of norm evolution.It was the contest between different frames and the interaction between different actors' framing tactics that shaped the evolution route of the norm while altering the content of the norm.The paper shows this mechanism through the case of R2 P.It argues that the effective framing of ICISS,through changing the angle of discussion to victims of humanitarian disaster and reinterpreting the relationship between national sovereignty and human rights,enhanced greatly the plausibility of international intervention while winning itself global recognition.However,on the one hand,the NATO abused this concept for ' regime change' which attracted great suspicion and hostility towards R2 P.On the other hand,facing the danger of the abuse of R2 P,non-western powers,especially BRICS,raised up the counter-frame of ' responsibility while protecting',which shifted the focus of discussion to the implementation of R2 P and the problem of R2 Fs abuse usage.These efforts reshaped the evolution of R2 P.