中国垄断行业与非垄断行业的工资差距及其变动:基于工资分布的视角

Changes of Wage Differential between Monopolized and Competitive Industries in China:Based on the Perspective of Wage Distribution

本文利用中国城镇住户调查（UHS）1988、1995、2002和2009年微观数据，比较垄断行业与非垄断行业工资分布差距后发现，两者的差距在中低分位（20～40分位）稳中有降，而在高分位上则持续扩大。运用FFL（菲尔波-福廷-勒米厄）分布分解对垄断行业与非垄断行业工资差距进一步分解后表明：这两者工资差距中不可解释的部分超过了50％，其中在低分位（10分位）上更是高达70％左右；不过，1995年后这两者工资差距中不可解释部分所占比率已有所下降，只是在低分位（10分位）下降得最少。这些结果在很大程度上昭示着，行政性垄断力量仍然对垄断行业工资决定起着举足轻重的作用。

Based on the data from China＇s Urban Household Survey in 1988,1995,2002 and 2009 ,we investigate the changes in wage differential between monopoly industries and non-monopoly industries. We find that the wage differentials in middle and low quantile （20 40 quantile） is slightly narrow, while the wage ditt）rential in high quantile is increasing constantly. With further application of FFL distribution decomposition method, we find that more than 50% of the wage differential between monopoly industries and non-monopoly industries cannot be explained, and the unexplained part in middle and low quantile （ 10 quantile） is as high as about 70%. The proportion of the part that cannot be explained in the wage gap between monopoly industries and non-monopoly industries has lowered after 1995, but the decrease of the part that cannot be explained in the low quantile （10 quantile） is the minimum. Those results indicate that the administrative monopoly power still play an important role in the determining of wages in monopoly industries.